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1983年2月22日，前苏联在尼古拉耶夫船厂开工建造第一艘大型航空母舰，该舰又被称为1143.5级，1985年12月5日下水，1991年1月21日正式服役。由于政治风云的变幻，该舰后被定名为“库兹涅佐夫”号。“库兹涅佐夫”号全长306.3米,宽37米，吃水9.87米，标准排水量53000吨，满载排水量65000吨，大排水量66000吨。“库兹涅佐夫”号装载了强大的防空火力。主力为4座SA－N－9垂直发射防空导弹；另有8座CADS－N－1“嘎什坦”弹炮合一近防系统，系统配置为2座30mm6管炮和8枚SA－N－11近程导弹；此外还有AK－630型6管30mm炮4座。 作为反潜武器，该舰在舰尾两舷处各布置了1座RBU－12000十联装火箭深弹发射器。其电子设备有：1部“天空哨兵”相控阵雷达，1部MR－710“顶板”三座标对空/对海雷达；2部MR－320M“双支撑”对海雷达；4部MR－360“十字剑”火控雷达，用于SA－N－9；8部3P37“热闪”火控雷达，用于SA－N－11；1部“蛋糕台”战术空中导航雷达。电子对抗设备为“酒桶”和“钟”系列，另有2部PK－2和10部PK－10干扰箔条发射器。“库”舰的与众不同之处就是它是一个奇妙的“混合物”：它既有舰队型航母特有的斜直两段甲板，又有轻型航母通用的12度上翘角滑跃式起飞甲板；没有装备弹射器，却可以起降重型固定翼战斗机。“库兹涅佐夫”号的服役使世界海军中首次出现了滑跃起飞、拦阻降落这一新颖的航母起降方式。通常情况下，其载机方案为：20架苏－33战斗机，15架卡－27反潜直升机，4架苏－25UGT教练机和2架卡－29RLD预警直升机。
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The Kuznetsov Class heavy aircraft carrying cruiser, also known as Project 1143.5 or Orel Class, was constructed at Nikolayev South Shipyard on the Black Sea in the Ukraine. The Kuznetsov aircraft carriers displaced roughly 65,000 tons and for the first time carried conventional take-off and landing aircraft. These included navalized versions of fourth-generation fighters, such as the Su-27K (later Su-33) and the MiG-29K, along with a converted Su-25 and several planned new designs. The bow of the Kuznetsov sloped upward in a twelve-degree ski jump, which would permit short-take-offs from her relatively small deck. In addition to the air wing, Kuznetsov carried a dozen launchers for SS-N-19 anti-ship missiles, SA-N-9 and CADS-N-1 air defense complexes, and a pair of RBU-12000 ASW mortars. Admiral Kuznetsov was equipped with the Sky Watch 3D radar. Admiral Kuznetsov was launched in 1985; the intervening political turmoil delayed her formal commissioning until 1991, and she did not become fully operational until 1995. A second-of-class vessel, the Varyag, was launched in 1988 but was never commissioned. Admiral Kuznetsov is the only aircraft carrier in the Russian Navy.
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